工程图学常用词汇

五民

投影 projection
0 `0 i( A+ K3 c; I& @- A4 \6 ~6 f投影中心center of projection
投影面projecting plane
投影线projecting line
0 u, s/ A) ^( T- h中心投影法perspective projection
2 C, \% P& s; J4 z* X2 n/ e2 I. U$ \平行投影法parallel projection
* U" Q# q3 }& g9 e' f6 Q斜投影oblique projection
正投影orthographic projection
8 U# Y6 H3 ~! B: F* O7 u正投影面frontal plane of projection
侧面投影面profile plane of projection
投影图projection drawing
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
投影轴axis of projection
投影特性characteristic of projection
7 n7 \; E( M/ `1 J+ b不变性characteristic of true
2 s3 F% t8 {4 m' B; i# K积聚性characteristic of concentration
类似性characteristic of similarity
/ [$ s7 u6 u/ o  ~视图view
三视图three-view drawing
2 j. c) H0 f' M3 q正面frontal plane
# R4 X1 Y, N  o" Z/ x* w& N  Q正面投影frontal projection
# z3 A; G  p, r* k水平面horizontal plane
水平投影horizontal projection
. ?) k( K  ]* C4 w8 ]侧面profile plane
侧面投影profile projection
# P+ g* `' L8 V; X6 k主视图frontal view
俯视图top view
- B7 ^  R9 c% P1 Z1 I左视图left side view
立体solid
4 i8 y% {; p; _6 y& k平面立体plane body
曲面立体body of curved surface
* u! ^, L7 ]5 r0 K1 E0 j8 L回转面surface of revolution
9 a. y4 @: M: N8 F棱柱prism
棱锥pyramid
; `, C6 ?0 M4 a边side
2 P* \9 n' G3 ?2 n9 t顶点center vertex
$ }1 d2 Y% L0 B) g6 h! ~棱edge
5 q2 S6 Z6 j) \" R3 J点point
- \0 W; g* W  J0 r+ o直线line straight line
棱锥台truncated pyramid
frustum of pyramid
  w3 y( S7 r) [重影coincidence of projection
积聚concentrate
+ O2 B: M- [9 f7 K5 H变形deformation
1 I+ ~: ]* j: y( R# y- T; w/ ~实长true length
' Y9 I  F* r2 M8 ?& O实形true shape
! D; }: h! F6 O- f& P/ N正平线frontal line
水平线horizontal line
侧平线profile line
一般位置直线oblique line
8 g6 C- z0 v7 }% E9 B- N铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line
正垂线horizontal--profile line
侧垂线frontal-horizontal line
一般位置平面oblique plane
相交intersection
平行parallel
垂直perpendicular
交线intersecting line, line of intersection
交点point of intersection
& t7 ]7 _: @2 P平行线parallel line
垂直线perpendicular line
交叉线skew line
' G3 n9 J& c! a5 i  Q, D长度length
宽度width
高度height
组合体complex
基本几何体basic body
相接built-up
  K0 S# |1 G7 m. b, r' D/ v相交inter section
相切tangent
& L% w0 J$ ~" `" v, Z6 `相贯penetration
支架brace
底板bottom board
肋rib
支承板bearing plate
6 W( L0 H) |2 }7 S轮廓线outline, contour line
' T* u6 ~: E; m1 s底图traced drawing
截平面cutting plane
7 g, j# V; J" h8 w1 ^8 x. f1 V截交线line of section
二重性dual nature
3 r  B9 P  A/ C- D- b  p) y# X  B. X8 u平面曲线plane curve
. L3 h: Q: {/ Y- t% c: t/ B圆弧arc
5 M% a! E3 {& ^3 @0 B  S% N1 Q5 f椭圆ellipse
7 a* n- L, k1 i- L* ]3 n长轴major axis
/ v' D1 E; O/ h' ^8 a( W短轴minor axis
9 ]  U) [- J9 d0 r4 @0 ], {双曲线hyperbola
, ?) b- F2 T5 U6 K, u& e/ V) D& E抛物线parabola
7 k$ Y- f9 [# r" L* J/ R' ^7 |圆circle
圆锥顶conic apex
相贯体intersecting bodies
- w. ?! J7 S: \2 [' B相贯线line of intersection
空间曲线space curve
  j/ B: w; k) |. d3 \: \6 k截平面方法cutting plane method
辅助面auxiliary surface
- Q6 c9 c2 Y, R! H辅助平面auxiliary plane
最高点culminating point
8 c9 J$ @0 D0 a5 c5 O% M尺寸Size
定形尺寸size dimension
1 F9 t9 D* d7 W' y. L" b定位尺寸location dimension
左视图right view
后视图rear view, back view
仰视图bottom view
6 v+ C$ @' s7 @  f, ^- _& u辅助图auxiliary view
局部视图partial view, broken view
斜视图oblique view
) ~+ D; c1 ?) y  _' c旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
剖视图sectional view, section
全剖视full section
) `" A6 {: ]1 b. s4 v$ v8 h* l半剖视half section
0 O3 R$ L' C' R3 e局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
7 [+ [8 A' o; _3 m斜剖视图oblique section
旋转剖视图aligned section
阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
复合剖视compound section
6 p. o  Y8 K% s# ~0 w: k8 T- \, f剖面图section, sectional view
4 p& E" C/ w7 n5 x重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
移出剖面removed section
剖面线section line
剖面符号symbols for section-lining
习惯画法conventional drawing
" M! J& s0 d+ R) j) O局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
零件图detail drawing, working drawing
第三角投影third angle projection
粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
细实线continuous thin line
虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
点划线dash and dot line
双点划线double dots line
波浪线break line
. w5 t8 f' @1 I5 {6 D- i断裂线
* H3 I1 a  w6 ?7 ]' X2 l* n0 i4 T剖切平面迹线cutting plane line
尺寸线dimension line
. n" E; o4 a# f尺寸界线extension tine
1 _" t3 n# s, }$ K- C) N; S) a尺寸dimension size
1 \1 a$ Z/ n* p( [0 R( L箭头arrowhead
* L7 v! P: r3 t# V6 ]! i基准datum
1 ]; |' n# \7 F: z基准线datum line
基准面datum plane
中心孔central hole
中心距center distance
- e1 r5 m( V$ m* w( ~轴shaft, axle
孔hole
斜孔inclination
装配图assembly drawing
性能尺寸characteristic dimension
  e; u4 q$ M+ a, d! g. E大小尺寸size dimension
总体尺寸outer dimension
, r" Q; [5 ^( C; G- P* V3 Z外形尺寸
配合尺寸fit dimension
内圆角fillet
外圆角round
尖角sharp corner
倒角chamfer
轮缘flange of wheel
缘、边、环rim
/ [; O* H  Z' c轴肩shoulder
凸台boss
$ G% A+ I# V: V: _凹坑concave pit
4 W4 @' d2 I1 c/ t) p! F' P轴颈shaft neck
轮毂hub
. S7 _9 E3 T9 q8 S% j, c' ]轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel
! F/ E3 ^/ }8 V直纹滚花straight knurling s
. y6 o1 C/ Y) |" Y网纹滚花hatching knurling
3 s; F+ x8 ]1 D% T7 H4 D键槽key-way
退刀槽escape
. ~7 o& f: a3 k: I6 U拔模斜度pattern draft
, L4 @& ]0 P# d( _% x" l  n7 }填料盒gland box
油槽oil groove
油封oil seal

五民

标准件standard parts
, @; b+ k) s5 k* l螺纹thread
外螺纹external thread
" M1 b6 [) d2 ^- k: w2 c- c内螺纹internal thread
大径major diameter
小径minor diameter
1 U0 Z/ O: G3 |9 u4 H8 @  s螺距pitch of thread
- k" y& q& q9 o" S; |2 ?牙型form of thread
( k- U! p+ K, [1 `) U8 @旋向direction of turning
6 m# @. w2 J9 g% e- o. |右旋螺纹right-hand thread
左旋螺纹left-hand thread
" N8 S+ P+ ]7 e* K1 l' M! X) f+ W头数number of thread
导程lead
粗牙coarse thread
) m- q. N2 O$ K  k细牙fin thread
螺栓bolt
. w) N& M; Y' {5 ]" G螺钉screw
8 `+ n) U6 U- c! \" H螺柱stud
螺母nut
垫片washer
+ I4 `$ w- f" R2 c4 {! }) o* K公差tolerance
公差带tolerance zone
零线zero line
标准公差standard tolerance
公差等级tolerance grade
) [) L# ^/ n$ N) N4 @! ~基本偏差fundamental deviation
配合fit
( l8 P4 z/ V) ?间隙配合clearance fit
过盈interference
# D& N  ^( v  R/ [% a7 i/ |过盈配合interference fit
& l! }# @6 U& H; X( W% R过渡配合transition fit
7 j5 j$ B9 M8 W基孔制hole-basic system of fits
2 v3 |3 c$ c. O1 Z基轴制shaft-basic system of fits
/ M7 g! T' H: \. c8 g间隙clearance
7 B  e  @9 e2 a' Q9 ^形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
直线度straightness
( N* N8 e, s9 ~3 s平面度flatness
) j$ q; t7 a6 }4 u圆度roundness
4 K, a% Q( o* B' s3 K2 d' g圆柱度cylindricity
线轮廓度profile of any line
$ w/ R7 Z) Q" G9 e1 k/ M- [! P面轮廓度profile of any plane
9 [1 w* M& G! u) b0 J& }位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
平行度 parallelism
齿轮gear
/ r2 ~( b( h/ ?. @1 a圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear
5 Z# x1 C5 L* Y: H6 U正齿轮spur gear
斜齿轮spiral gear
轮齿gear tooth
2 e$ W2 X* [0 N- {节圆pitch circle
; V' Q3 C$ [2 v2 f+ n! B5 F2 G齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle
模数modulus
2 e) x5 s7 ~" g齿数number of teeth
" W/ m7 p, O" |$ E齿高tooth height
齿顶高height of addendum
齿根高height of addendum
* G- h  ^# s* Y齿厚circular thickness
齿间tooth space
齿宽tooth width
压力角angle of pressure
弹簧spring
销pin
圆柱销round pin
圆锥销taper pin
开口销cotter pin, split
键key
平键flat key
半圆键half round key, woodruff key
9 k, C7 p8 n# x! `/ c+ @7 o轴承bearing
$ W1 j: v+ a+ ^( {. ^滚动轴承rolling bearing
向心铀承radial bearing
( N, J1 n/ E( x2 _' G密封装置sealing equipment
, `# S4 P7 j  V' L1 W锁紧装置locking equipment
0 q7 ?$ O; u: P8 M粗糙度roughness
- \0 u: J8 D, M& ~+ P基本尺寸basic size
1 C; q* x1 F: K实际尺寸actual size
极限尺寸limits size
/ ?" S% G! S0 l, Q) n$ ?$ r最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
( ?4 I- N" G& `! H2 P最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size
偏差deviation
7 `8 u( ^1 Z5 `- [+ z上偏差upper deviation
) I8 c% K( K, y1 F' V* n下偏差lower deviation
  u( Z% o0 r5 |1 _4 R* T' D9 [垂直度perpendicularity
, z. j: T. a4 L( l倾斜度angularity
: o- Z5 k# R, l4 a" _! O9 k同轴度concentricity
4 r$ @6 `1 {* p: e/ K. ]6 ^5 x对称度symmetry
位置度true position
跳动run-out
- R- Z+ H' A) w4 m圆跳动cycle run-out
全跳动total run-out
6 e5 r/ F" _+ T6 E- n% W5 y4 V轴测投影axonometric projection
$ o6 y1 m  M4 B/ }轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
! \7 |2 j& v0 q轴测图axonometric drawing
9 g" i+ u# s+ Q9 Q9 Q正等轴测投影isometric projection
正二测bimetric projection
斜二测oblique bimetric projection
轴测轴axonometric axis
轴间角axis angle, angle between ales
缩短foreshortened
% a. X& o6 M  N: l$ \, \轴向缩短率coefficient of axial
. v8 ]3 {; N" Q4 D; Kdeformation ratio of
, x$ i2 A+ w7 x- l  h2 Rfore shortening for any axis
切割法cutting method, by cutting
方箱法boxing method
坐标法coordinate method
方框法enclosing-square method
四心近似法four-center approximate method