投影 projection; X. c W8 I1 g& V 投影中心center of projection# ?9 G% j r4 v; A 投影面projecting plane$ G% I/ l3 F4 d/ w6 Z 投影线projecting line 中心投影法perspective projection 平行投影法parallel projection; U& H7 ~8 K- l2 k% ^* N0 H 斜投影oblique projection 正投影orthographic projection 正投影面frontal plane of projection 侧面投影面profile plane of projection 投影图projection drawing 三面投影图three-plane projection drawing" e7 T; T) F: v1 ~% A$ m 投影轴axis of projection- a: G# a8 Y5 f9 S 投影特性characteristic of projection) s4 q+ I5 q: J; G1 n 不变性characteristic of true 积聚性characteristic of concentration 类似性characteristic of similarity7 b* Q9 E+ u4 l9 N: ~/ j 视图view 三视图three-view drawing4 c$ U u* p) C0 {+ o 正面frontal plane1 I. v) M" d' A" G* A 正面投影frontal projection 水平面horizontal plane 水平投影horizontal projection 侧面profile plane9 L% W- x3 H4 A2 H2 k 侧面投影profile projection 主视图frontal view4 k2 |% h9 x' U- [2 @ 俯视图top view9 f, e. r1 N& O% B 左视图left side view* o0 j2 C( P) S+ S 立体solid F! i, H e% Q 平面立体plane body" f, v) o* p. W6 M% C/ K2 C- ~5 t 曲面立体body of curved surface 回转面surface of revolution 棱柱prism6 {& z5 G' V) T: n! s( i# K 棱锥pyramid 边side 顶点center vertex 棱edge; l) \" ?$ S1 l. L8 l; D" i 点point" G- Y7 }& P3 G& M$ @5 w 直线line straight line8 t0 ~7 z1 ^, F6 P. _ 棱锥台truncated pyramid/ C6 \' _, h( d" O: k2 } frustum of pyramid 重影coincidence of projection$ N# {$ w' {$ W/ X6 b/ {9 F 积聚concentrate 变形deformation 实长true length 5 Y, Z; m3 h) H0 K4 I4 c" l 实形true shape& C" k/ M' a" [/ Z) I5 c 正平线frontal line7 H! M& d; b0 `7 B$ x 水平线horizontal line 侧平线profile line8 v) x2 H( l, [- E 一般位置直线oblique line0 K& [3 A; e _: m 铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line 正垂线horizontal--profile line% O* p) }3 g1 Y) C: v0 l* | 侧垂线frontal-horizontal line) F8 K: h5 _- N2 R 一般位置平面oblique plane 相交intersection( s1 t! k( z; U+ s 平行parallel; Y3 K! \8 I( a6 C% [/ K* V 垂直perpendicular/ k/ E) k4 ~: t- d4 T 交线intersecting line, line of intersection 交点point of intersection 平行线parallel line7 s8 v: {! L% L. p5 J* G) Q 垂直线perpendicular line4 j& [$ d6 w" ^# z) v. H& s% |" t9 u 交叉线skew line9 c2 i! w( ?% Q0 Y. Q" i, U2 O 长度length , T. K9 c& K0 h 宽度width! W( u, _) d. z. S" ]( m m 高度height 组合体complex) k4 n7 C+ V0 w. M 基本几何体basic body2 U5 ~5 q' l1 N8 U 相接built-up+ _: {2 w2 N9 j, h2 P1 g! D 相交inter section 相切tangent 相贯penetration 支架brace 底板bottom board* t: s1 z( X, c8 J 肋rib) F. U* E0 y2 D2 w% | 支承板bearing plate0 P: _& Q7 K$ p* N* q9 x( r; x 轮廓线outline, contour line 底图traced drawing# Y, c/ r5 n+ ?3 \# _! I) Y" a( r 截平面cutting plane% I8 G- F) S% r' b% { 截交线line of section' }# Z0 ]7 W s 二重性dual nature 平面曲线plane curve 圆弧arc 椭圆ellipse6 b* r; J8 V; [( J) F- L( W 长轴major axis7 l8 x* x; D& O6 N 短轴minor axis5 v* q3 I* i) l- X 双曲线hyperbola 抛物线parabola 圆circle' s4 |8 \# J7 o* c 圆锥顶conic apex , [3 b- l5 u6 n: r1 y# {( l! \ 相贯体intersecting bodies 相贯线line of intersection 空间曲线space curve 截平面方法cutting plane method 辅助面auxiliary surface5 u; e2 x* z/ w: O 辅助平面auxiliary plane 最高点culminating point 尺寸Size( _3 s, h8 S& G: |0 |! X% f0 e2 D 定形尺寸size dimension 定位尺寸location dimension4 j' r! e& ~" w 左视图right view 后视图rear view, back view 仰视图bottom view4 W) ?- y* ` M4 E7 O 辅助图auxiliary view 局部视图partial view, broken view 斜视图oblique view 旋转视图revolved view, aligned view* R& e9 p1 w1 l3 |% _2 H 剖视图sectional view, section8 A5 }- j5 ?$ |5 ?9 v 全剖视full section" E& T0 q @/ N) k3 n# H& l% k 半剖视half section0 a5 k/ i8 ~) E! Q" a" p 局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section 斜剖视图oblique section 旋转剖视图aligned section& v: @: |; q1 u6 A+ Z* r6 f2 j 阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section' @ p: k6 k3 y 复合剖视compound section7 O% X3 ?! K" u2 n( L 剖面图section, sectional view 重合剖面coincide section, revolved section 移出剖面removed section* P: A& _7 b$ J6 s 剖面线section line- R: y& ^2 Z7 j, }/ m9 P' ] 剖面符号symbols for section-lining* k9 m% w: [0 C; X, H1 {8 z 习惯画法conventional drawing' w- ~' x8 q0 j* M3 A5 Z 局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement 零件图detail drawing, working drawing! R3 H& Q2 s# g1 ~7 l% t8 c x' ? 第三角投影third angle projection# n2 \- _" K3 o i 粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line 细实线continuous thin line 虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line 点划线dash and dot line 双点划线double dots line/ ]' K/ v0 q# ?% t; M% M& Z 波浪线break line 断裂线# c' o* f# J7 T- V9 _5 w4 D8 U& G* X 剖切平面迹线cutting plane line 尺寸线dimension line 尺寸界线extension tine! V& X- h0 ^# Y 尺寸dimension size) k1 {3 r; q5 p/ v' ? 箭头arrowhead8 t; E L; l0 c1 D* M! E. P 基准datum 基准线datum line. q( B8 u: m: e6 Q! K5 z$ z& m) @ 基准面datum plane 中心孔central hole( `/ f0 H' ?1 k$ G 中心距center distance 轴shaft, axle 孔hole 斜孔inclination) ^- P: L( O+ t5 x 装配图assembly drawing+ W5 X% |4 B) ~8 u8 Q% l 性能尺寸characteristic dimension 大小尺寸size dimension# p; N3 `0 _5 Y2 x% B; `8 W( B 总体尺寸outer dimension' }8 J% S c7 B# ^1 Q! G. Z$ d 外形尺寸 配合尺寸fit dimension 内圆角fillet2 @! E* M% y, x$ f2 D. h 外圆角round 尖角sharp corner2 u( O$ @" o! j9 {& N# x' |' \ 倒角chamfer/ F8 U7 d/ D" m3 W& ^! t4 g# O$ P# c 轮缘flange of wheel$ \* x7 h/ }8 h* w0 J 缘、边、环rim. y8 l" Y( K6 X6 X 轴肩shoulder' M. n9 o1 I% a0 U8 w* C 凸台boss+ x K- P9 C; G$ L7 Q! F( { 凹坑concave pit- K. g; q2 }& i$ ?) C 轴颈shaft neck 轮毂hub, a( C: I$ i! ]" B" _) t, ^7 i p& } 轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel 直纹滚花straight knurling s 网纹滚花hatching knurling 键槽key-way 退刀槽escape5 O7 O) d3 ], |1 o' [& ^5 J! p 拔模斜度pattern draft2 ^8 F2 y1 g+ {4 e% _( q h 填料盒gland box# x" @4 Z8 G4 p" E4 c e 油槽oil groove 油封oil seal 标准件standard parts% Z7 V C+ L, I1 _$ P5 @ Q 螺纹thread1 ~4 u( J5 _: Q: A# j& A 外螺纹external thread/ N( v3 `* V) A8 T 内螺纹internal thread$ d" e3 ?2 `8 g: x; ` n 大径major diameter 小径minor diameter" |5 W" d2 g; o& P/ W# {, V% I7 M# z+ O 螺距pitch of thread) e: P7 B) w7 Z: `0 @4 M6 E4 h 牙型form of thread1 _4 D* i: f6 ^2 A7 {9 {$ ~/ Z4 ?9 k 旋向direction of turning+ a: L/ a5 n) b* h" G- T5 N 右旋螺纹right-hand thread 左旋螺纹left-hand thread 头数number of thread4 l: x4 D+ g+ F( r$ Y 导程lead3 i5 d1 q" a: L. r# H7 [ 粗牙coarse thread1 ^; r }4 n! K1 O* P* C 细牙fin thread 螺栓bolt 螺钉screw6 o r9 B/ e( R) R$ G. A 螺柱stud 螺母nut3 A; V' J4 j& D 垫片washer8 k, M; T, y* l" `5 L: o6 ~ 公差tolerance 公差带tolerance zone 零线zero line- U, [' b9 h) y( W& C: D) l 标准公差standard tolerance( f. b* V$ y1 U. g9 O! j 公差等级tolerance grade! n6 a* Y# M. K: v7 i. ]/ B 基本偏差fundamental deviation 配合fit3 P# d7 t/ G( Z5 p3 b 间隙配合clearance fit 过盈interference 过盈配合interference fit 过渡配合transition fit" s) {. p- P. _! h* c 基孔制hole-basic system of fits 9 s+ M' L/ C( `% Z 基轴制shaft-basic system of fits 间隙clearance v( S u5 M# n% C/ Y 形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance- O1 T6 w+ e: F 直线度straightness) f6 p, Q" f" S- `1 U ?. Y, b1 @ 平面度flatness 圆度roundness0 X/ N' v3 ]7 I( [ 圆柱度cylindricity 线轮廓度profile of any line 面轮廓度profile of any plane' I8 @$ g; m. n/ q+ R2 y ~ 位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances 平行度 parallelism 齿轮gear 圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear' S( O. f$ R$ Q$ Y" u6 ~ t 正齿轮spur gear 斜齿轮spiral gear+ a. K2 p# K! r9 }: `, q3 ? 轮齿gear tooth. ^% o0 ]+ d# a 节圆pitch circle 齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle6 N4 |& L- ?% Q X 齿根圆root circle, addendum circle5 B1 I; ~3 p& V/ M5 q 模数modulus 齿数number of teeth; t8 }1 [. Z$ `" I3 T 齿高tooth height 齿顶高height of addendum) s+ z* W9 k5 e% f5 d) ` 齿根高height of addendum 齿厚circular thickness1 [$ m: v5 s8 X7 C 齿间tooth space/ A/ }5 {" N# o- R1 |& J 齿宽tooth width 压力角angle of pressure 弹簧spring 销pin 圆柱销round pin# a* U" a6 N- b9 p) m- q& f 圆锥销taper pin 开口销cotter pin, split 键key8 J6 b0 ~" L4 r) S5 \4 R% d 平键flat key7 ]& w! j) }& T; B1 f8 x( F6 } 半圆键half round key, woodruff key 轴承bearing5 ]" Q* v. X5 h' A0 q5 n 滚动轴承rolling bearing 向心铀承radial bearing Y; h1 n" E7 `8 Y' U# c 密封装置sealing equipment4 @' l1 b& G* o4 U2 J 锁紧装置locking equipment% U0 T% ?3 k5 i: v4 Q 粗糙度roughness% B9 ~: f% A' }4 @# r3 }! c/ [ 基本尺寸basic size 实际尺寸actual size 极限尺寸limits size+ B3 r' T7 p: ?3 M6 W 最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size 最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size 偏差deviation7 q1 V4 w# [! S' Q! B" h5 t 上偏差upper deviation 下偏差lower deviation 垂直度perpendicularity 倾斜度angularity4 m6 k+ P8 W, L7 Y5 T 同轴度concentricity 对称度symmetry 位置度true position 跳动run-out3 \3 u. L# B* u5 \$ L 圆跳动cycle run-out 全跳动total run-out 轴测投影axonometric projection 轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection) E( s) }' s8 s y' t3 q6 f 轴测图axonometric drawing, Y, J! D) u2 B w0 c/ d2 y 正等轴测投影isometric projection; `9 H/ m( A$ R% ` d' m. h. F+ Z 正二测bimetric projection# a2 H& m( {3 k& a 斜二测oblique bimetric projection# U' y) K# }) s7 I 轴测轴axonometric axis$ W' P g' b& Q" P9 y1 z% ^ 轴间角axis angle, angle between ales 缩短foreshortened 轴向缩短率coefficient of axial deformation ratio of fore shortening for any axis( T" `7 {* ]4 p 切割法cutting method, by cutting3 e5 [; ^/ B, m" C 方箱法boxing method 坐标法coordinate method p6 j3 }9 P# P, }8 b- t6 }5 i 方框法enclosing-square method- a1 U" J% O% N! U( D* I 四心近似法four-center approximate metho |
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