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标题: 工程图学常用词汇 [打印本页]

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作者: 五民    时间: 2009-6-4 16:24
标题: 工程图学常用词汇
投影 projection
7 ]+ T3 F! ]; ]7 F# j1 [投影中心center of projection
投影面projecting plane
投影线projecting line
) A- l4 C" }" k" M7 [0 v中心投影法perspective projection
平行投影法parallel projection
斜投影oblique projection
% {( Q1 z- t" X9 v! |正投影orthographic projection
正投影面frontal plane of projection
侧面投影面profile plane of projection
/ u% W; P5 h, s投影图projection drawing
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
投影轴axis of projection
投影特性characteristic of projection
; u5 }1 j) T+ ^不变性characteristic of true
积聚性characteristic of concentration
2 Z/ P2 n$ X' a5 l, W类似性characteristic of similarity
# ?- @! Z+ D, t, ]/ S7 F, p视图view
三视图three-view drawing
正面frontal plane
正面投影frontal projection
0 b$ f+ }- H! _( u8 L7 d" L8 d% i6 [, U, W水平面horizontal plane
/ @9 b/ {9 `0 j0 z/ n# s水平投影horizontal projection
6 R9 ]$ j4 J3 [$ `: S/ B2 I/ n侧面profile plane
2 Y- @& g0 A- N侧面投影profile projection
主视图frontal view
+ x' P1 d" o* _" u( O2 j俯视图top view
左视图left side view
立体solid
平面立体plane body
7 A. Z! i6 V/ X. d7 K曲面立体body of curved surface
9 W. @% Z! W3 A7 A7 X! @5 O回转面surface of revolution
棱柱prism
棱锥pyramid
边side
- ?% t- \( C7 E. Z# f% g$ E顶点center vertex
棱edge
' M! K- T- T8 _" w  e4 Q8 G点point
直线line straight line
棱锥台truncated pyramid
! j0 e" I' j# a9 i/ ?; E/ \/ zfrustum of pyramid
重影coincidence of projection
% D. M% @8 _! X; S6 s" H7 |* ]积聚concentrate
( N) Y) y; ^3 v6 t: w变形deformation
: H% s$ g2 b6 a4 ]4 o实长true length
实形true shape
' D$ U' c. ?( k' _8 b正平线frontal line
水平线horizontal line
8 ]' G$ ?, h' U5 o' i0 Q% e% w3 a侧平线profile line
/ Y+ Q# ~) d7 m9 `8 _. i2 n一般位置直线oblique line
5 C% k% m& S; S) F; S铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line
正垂线horizontal--profile line
侧垂线frontal-horizontal line
一般位置平面oblique plane
相交intersection
平行parallel
) I  S3 Q/ _6 ?& p- I垂直perpendicular
$ o0 X3 s8 G. ?3 u! t- z交线intersecting line, line of intersection
0 x/ P, v) z* {交点point of intersection
$ ?& }6 \. r& p, u% X' @! [3 B平行线parallel line
2 w* n- Y% J* S# W' N垂直线perpendicular line
交叉线skew line
长度length
宽度width
高度height
! I7 e) S( G3 x5 P2 V组合体complex
基本几何体basic body
" W7 ?; N( Z5 T/ O# S相接built-up
相交inter section
相切tangent
相贯penetration
支架brace
" c; E8 |; n2 z4 ~; K: N( Z底板bottom board
2 r& u( W3 t- y0 u肋rib
支承板bearing plate
  M1 G* v0 b0 z轮廓线outline, contour line
底图traced drawing
! L2 ?# e3 _# A+ b2 j" k! v5 C截平面cutting plane
8 H. Y+ `6 Z5 y* M0 v2 P8 Y) N截交线line of section
) C9 M/ B  X, p' f二重性dual nature
5 W7 m% T" a% q8 |# e$ T( F平面曲线plane curve
( L' U% x; t/ _* a, F/ H* T6 e1 T圆弧arc
椭圆ellipse
! {% N& K7 ]6 g0 A5 p9 }长轴major axis
短轴minor axis
双曲线hyperbola
抛物线parabola
$ v  ~9 `! [3 I$ g2 J圆circle
圆锥顶conic apex
2 y/ w! |0 Y8 a相贯体intersecting bodies
相贯线line of intersection
: N+ l) L6 `: e0 ]) r0 O5 S6 [% J空间曲线space curve
3 B. G9 e1 o1 Q) m截平面方法cutting plane method
9 R) r* d4 l8 k- ^! x2 y辅助面auxiliary surface
辅助平面auxiliary plane
& ^  z! A: a& \) O5 i4 c最高点culminating point
尺寸Size
定形尺寸size dimension
" d: b& q* u4 T3 n: n- I7 R定位尺寸location dimension
+ i. [8 k' N& ?) M- M& {: b2 }左视图right view
9 V. `7 P% M% o后视图rear view, back view
9 e4 c! w" A3 M. L6 ~仰视图bottom view
7 w$ |4 y) L  a9 J- h& q1 b辅助图auxiliary view
局部视图partial view, broken view
斜视图oblique view
旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
剖视图sectional view, section
- F4 V" F% P+ _) [/ R+ E& Z全剖视full section
* D; j" D: z% I1 U3 c半剖视half section
( h: s, s  o! Y) o$ I5 I  @, ]0 n局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
斜剖视图oblique section
" ]! a. J" j: P旋转剖视图aligned section
  n5 B' Y0 ~; a5 C/ B阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
复合剖视compound section
剖面图section, sectional view
3 f) Y) w8 }: C' K4 X) q重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
3 E5 ^; v+ }$ I) I, X) c7 S$ C移出剖面removed section
剖面线section line
剖面符号symbols for section-lining
4 n) V& l) m0 L& x4 ~" }1 Q5 ]习惯画法conventional drawing
; I# z2 }0 t8 i' t' S局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
零件图detail drawing, working drawing
* ~# C. T, ~7 C0 R$ p第三角投影third angle projection
$ Q: y1 L" O9 I/ l  W$ v, x1 Y粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
细实线continuous thin line
虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
/ _" q" g4 g9 N+ A$ A: b点划线dash and dot line
( A' _- r( C4 N. S2 A# N2 T双点划线double dots line
$ E' ^1 S1 _2 u8 _- b波浪线break line
. f$ v0 d9 j3 ~6 [# o. e断裂线
剖切平面迹线cutting plane line
% I2 v! s3 H$ v0 s# J' h" S/ h尺寸线dimension line
* H# a) s5 ^& n# h( h  o尺寸界线extension tine
尺寸dimension size
8 L  T$ W$ v6 [9 B% v. B0 z! F箭头arrowhead
基准datum
基准线datum line
0 @& T7 y2 E1 x3 a. V6 U# j基准面datum plane
0 F0 G* Z4 b5 d8 ~中心孔central hole
1 ?6 I% g& a2 @9 A1 Q4 c0 t中心距center distance
" G# M: P3 ]  F6 y+ S+ v/ I& w! B! G2 `轴shaft, axle
  l, C( c0 L. b, }* x8 U( y孔hole
0 a* Z' o/ f" g: z斜孔inclination
2 ]+ X" d3 R& k3 [装配图assembly drawing
性能尺寸characteristic dimension
大小尺寸size dimension
7 l! v: B" j. ^3 E# }# g总体尺寸outer dimension
外形尺寸
配合尺寸fit dimension
: x5 l0 l& o/ @. z+ Y内圆角fillet
; ~: O1 ~6 T* l外圆角round
* f8 E. U1 D) U4 ~6 r2 m# E0 R. e( W尖角sharp corner
倒角chamfer
# z1 x: K( a6 U$ X轮缘flange of wheel
缘、边、环rim
: n% ^1 C  ~+ y% `3 \  D; m轴肩shoulder
凸台boss
凹坑concave pit
! b2 n# Z& O( ~, ?: [轴颈shaft neck
5 a; G& t9 G* H" `轮毂hub
+ ]* D8 u  @* H  |' _轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel
直纹滚花straight knurling s
* Y- I) M$ h* `8 a) N/ j8 n6 t. p" S网纹滚花hatching knurling
键槽key-way
退刀槽escape
拔模斜度pattern draft
/ h# y. k- I& n* g. t填料盒gland box
油槽oil groove
1 l+ C  E' z' P; @; }7 E: R5 v油封oil seal

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作者: 五民    时间: 2009-6-4 16:25
标准件standard parts
/ l' {' E# T! J* w螺纹thread
外螺纹external thread
内螺纹internal thread
" L# b7 e8 B9 t3 r; a" J+ O4 h5 P大径major diameter
6 C1 t5 l, C/ {& f% K+ M小径minor diameter
螺距pitch of thread
牙型form of thread
/ k9 `6 n+ u. k旋向direction of turning
% i1 O: t1 E/ S! C1 e' ]右旋螺纹right-hand thread
左旋螺纹left-hand thread
7 _+ F3 I6 o* @5 p; m头数number of thread
+ x% s! T; P* Q/ w; F# j4 ?! Q导程lead
3 E+ m2 F2 s* B  J, j! F粗牙coarse thread
; @3 L; D* F2 I, ]* M" _细牙fin thread
螺栓bolt
0 _1 N" ~% |' g' J螺钉screw
; H4 y" n' K  U8 [, c螺柱stud
( J$ n3 R2 C; O$ u% `$ T( R+ I螺母nut
" f+ t  [. ?2 _  B5 |* t垫片washer
公差tolerance
! }2 |# A1 F6 m. k2 K公差带tolerance zone
零线zero line
标准公差standard tolerance
" u! `* H; p" ?; i; W- o公差等级tolerance grade
, y7 W0 B+ E9 d6 M! r基本偏差fundamental deviation
+ w4 j" v: H; G- j$ |配合fit
间隙配合clearance fit
过盈interference
过盈配合interference fit
% x; E% c# g! U过渡配合transition fit
) d2 A9 l$ s) h: Q8 ?基孔制hole-basic system of fits
& q0 I0 I1 H7 i, Z8 |- R9 k5 o+ I基轴制shaft-basic system of fits
% ], A. F) p/ V/ G3 R' M间隙clearance
形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
直线度straightness
* \2 i7 M8 r5 n/ N' T平面度flatness
9 q, a/ _7 W# O6 X4 U6 Q圆度roundness
+ Q( Z8 Y+ z% C# {* l7 u4 H3 i圆柱度cylindricity
0 S+ N+ t) H# o- N% C3 X线轮廓度profile of any line
面轮廓度profile of any plane
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
' _. u0 s" m. o' F平行度 parallelism
齿轮gear
" |2 U! `$ J7 G9 ~圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear
& Y; U- I- b1 ~正齿轮spur gear
* h8 e8 N  d) Q斜齿轮spiral gear
轮齿gear tooth
# d& v3 f1 L( Z. O& n; ~, i5 h7 o节圆pitch circle
; _$ j- {) Y4 N7 }4 U( m  ?" B0 q/ F齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle
; a0 k0 I2 k1 a/ h齿根圆root circle, addendum circle
4 I/ q$ c$ h4 D2 v1 B' i模数modulus
; `% e- a6 {. {/ ^齿数number of teeth
0 {( H: q& ]7 e( r( E# Q, }2 H0 t齿高tooth height
齿顶高height of addendum
齿根高height of addendum
齿厚circular thickness
1 f0 z. j+ b6 W0 U1 H# c2 j! b& l齿间tooth space
齿宽tooth width
压力角angle of pressure
/ ?% l$ E/ v* Z( D( D0 n/ Z4 d弹簧spring
, X% [% R3 b4 F+ A, U销pin
) `+ l( C7 ~" W7 Q( q7 R, V圆柱销round pin
1 X5 O! X" T( I4 c0 K. _8 v圆锥销taper pin
开口销cotter pin, split
键key
平键flat key
# a9 R9 g" A" X% ^" K  _4 H半圆键half round key, woodruff key
: N0 @! y4 b9 M4 y! x) {轴承bearing
1 S5 B! p$ S" J& Z! E滚动轴承rolling bearing
& \) h8 h/ r" A2 o$ @向心铀承radial bearing
密封装置sealing equipment
$ T' [$ d# Z! ?( n+ h) q锁紧装置locking equipment
0 ~: d) O& e: ?: C' v5 _0 B0 B$ E粗糙度roughness
基本尺寸basic size
% X) J& ^- F+ s9 }  n2 j8 Y+ }7 K7 ~实际尺寸actual size
极限尺寸limits size
最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size
偏差deviation
上偏差upper deviation
  b% X( F5 I9 L+ B7 i下偏差lower deviation
垂直度perpendicularity
* E: @* G) z3 s/ \5 z倾斜度angularity
) W& V6 Q6 k, k' V同轴度concentricity
5 n/ g; Y5 j1 w$ h对称度symmetry
) Y# |7 l) P* a位置度true position
跳动run-out
; D  h  L! |4 s: P圆跳动cycle run-out
% ~4 `% }) ~7 m/ H. c, i全跳动total run-out
轴测投影axonometric projection
' @# ?8 a! G# G+ s轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
( a5 |* }: `' I' Y7 B轴测图axonometric drawing
* Y0 h  e8 s% @# t5 ~& F正等轴测投影isometric projection
: _0 p2 ?8 R7 A" [7 N) O正二测bimetric projection
斜二测oblique bimetric projection
0 ?7 R) B! x  g- ^" b轴测轴axonometric axis
2 b" d& i6 r, D; Y$ z) S轴间角axis angle, angle between ales
( i3 I: y8 k  G3 e8 h  ^! r* j缩短foreshortened
/ V( u' y6 |5 n$ R9 F: j轴向缩短率coefficient of axial
deformation ratio of
fore shortening for any axis
, R4 @# O/ m8 V9 O切割法cutting method, by cutting
8 y, E3 ^: P- Q9 W( r方箱法boxing method
坐标法coordinate method
! Z6 ^  B/ \! I6 z方框法enclosing-square method
* q- o& I; E3 Q, S: U% M四心近似法four-center approximate method

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