如何造就数控机床编程高手(全)
<P><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #efefef">今天,我终于把它写完了!非常感谢社友的鼓励!请大家多发表意见!</FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">如何造就数控机床编程高手<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>要想成为一个数控高手(金属切削类),从大学毕业进工厂起,最起码需要<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>年以上的时间。他既要有工程师的理论水平,又要有高级技师的实际经验及动手能力。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">第一步:必须是一个优秀的工艺员</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">。数控机床集钻、铣、镗、铰、攻丝等工序于一体。对工艺人员的技术素养要求很高。数控程序是用计算机语言来体现加工工艺的过程。工艺是编程的基础。不懂工艺,绝不能称会编程。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>其实,当我们选择了机械切削加工这一职业,也就意味着从业早期是艰辛的,枯糙的。大学里学的一点基础知识面对工厂里的需要是少得可怜的。机械加工的工程师,从某种程度上说是经验师。因此,很多时间必须是和工人们在一起,干车床、铣床、磨床,加工中心等;随后在办公室里编工艺、估材耗、算定额。你必须熟悉各类机床的性能、车间师傅们的技能水平。这样经过<SPAN lang=EN-US>2-3</SPAN>年的修炼,你基本可成为一个合格的工艺人员。从我个人的经历来看,我建议刚工作的年轻大学生们,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">一定要虚心向工人师傅们学习</B>,一旦他们能把数十年的经验传授与你,你可少走很多弯路。因为这些经验书本上你是学不到的,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">工艺的选择是综合考虑设备能力和人员技术能力的选择。</B>没有员工的支持和信任,想成为优秀的工艺员是不可能的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>通过这么长时间的学习与积累,你应达到下列技术水准和要求:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>熟悉钻、铣、镗、磨、刨床的结构、工艺特点,<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>2、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>熟悉加工材料的性能。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>3、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>扎实的刀具理论基础知识,掌握刀具的常规切削用量等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>4、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>熟悉本企业的工艺规范、准则及各种工艺加工能达到的一般要求,常规零件的工艺路线。合理的材料消耗及工时定额等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>5、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>收集一定量的刀具、机床、机械标准的资料。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">特别要熟悉数控机床用的刀具系统。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>6、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>熟悉冷却液的选用及维护。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>7、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>对相关工种要有常识性的了解。比如:铸造、电加工、热处理等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>8、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>有较好的夹具基础。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>9、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解被加工零件的装配要求、使用要求。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">、有较好的测量技术基础。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>第二步:精通数控编程和计算机软件的应用。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>这一点,我觉得比较容易,编程指令也就几十个,各种系统大同小异。一般花<SPAN lang=EN-US>1-2</SPAN>个月就能非常熟悉。自动编程软件稍复杂些,需学造型。但对于<SPAN lang=EN-US>cad</SPAN>基础好的人来说,不是难事。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>另外,如果是手工编程,解析几何基础也要好!<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>读书人对这些知识的学习是最适应的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>在实践中,一个好程序的标准是:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>易懂,有条理,操作者人人都能看懂。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>2、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>一个程序段中指令越少越好,以简单、实用、可靠为目的。从编程角度对指令的理解,我以为指令也就<SPAN lang=EN-US>G00</SPAN>和<SPAN lang=EN-US>G01</SPAN>,其他都为辅助指令,是方便编程才设置的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>3、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>方便调整。零件加工精度需做微调时最好不用改程序。比如,刀具磨损了,要调整,只要改刀具偏置表中的长度、半径即可。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>4、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>方便操作。程序编制要根据机床的操作特点来编,有利于观察、检查、测量、安全等。例如,同一种零件,同样的加工内容,在立式加工中心和卧式加工中心分别加工,程序肯定不一样。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>在机械加工中,最简单的方法就是最好的方法。只要有实践经验的同行,想必都会同意这句话吧!<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>第三步:能熟练操作数控机床。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>这需要<SPAN lang=EN-US>1-2</SPAN>年的学习,操作是讲究手感的,初学者、特别是大学生们,心里明白要怎么干,可手就是不听使唤。在这过程中要学:系统的操作方式、夹具的安装、零件基准的找正、对刀、设置零点偏置、设置刀具长度补偿、半径补偿,刀具与刀柄的装、卸,刀具的刃磨、零件的测量(能熟练使用游标卡尺、千分卡、百分表、千分表、内径杠杆表)等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>最能体现操作水平的是:卧式加工中心和大型龙门(动粱、顶梁)加工中心。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>操作的练习需要悟性!有时真有一种“悠然心会,妙处难与君说”的意境!<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>在数控车间你就静下心来好好练吧! <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">一般来说,从首件零件的加工到加工精度合格这一过程都是要求数控编程工艺员亲自完成</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">。你不能熟练操作机床,这一关是过不了的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>第四步:必须有良好的工装夹具基础和测量技术水平。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>我这里把工装夹具及测量技术单列一条是因为:它对零件加工质量起到与机床精度一样重要的作用,是体现工艺人员水平的标志之一。整个工艺系统:机床精度是机床生产厂保证的,刀具及切削参数是刀具商提供的,一般问题都不大,只有工装夹具是工艺人员针对具体零件专门设计的,大凡上数控机床的零件都是有一定难度的,因而往往会出现难于预料的问题,我从事数控机床用户零件切削调试<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>来年,不要整改的夹具还真没碰上过。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>调试时,首件零件加工不合格,一半以上原因是由于夹具的定位、夹压点、夹紧力不合理引起的。夹具方面的原因分析难度在于只能定性,很难定量。如对夹具设计、零件装夹没有经验的话,那困难就大了。在这方面的学习,建议向做精密坐标镗床的高级技师们请教。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>精准的测量水平时从事机加工的基本功之一,要能熟练使用游标卡尺、千分卡、百分表、千分表、内径杠杆表、卡钳等。有时零件加工,三坐标测量仪是指望不上的。必须靠手工测量。试想,零件都量不准确,哪个领导和工人师傅会信任你?<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>练好测量技术可要花很长时间哟!<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>第五步 熟悉数控机床。精通数控机床的维护保养。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>所谓熟悉数控机床,应做到:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>熟悉数控电气元件及控制原理。能说出电箱里各个元件的名称及作用,能看懂电气原理图。能根据电气报警号,查出报警内容。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>2、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解滚珠丝杆的结构、传动原理。清楚哪些因素对机床精度的影响比较大。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>3、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解机床丝杆两端轴承的结构及对机床精度的影响。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>4、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解机床的润滑系统(轴承、主轴、各运动副、齿轮箱等),清楚各润滑点的分布。机床润滑油的牌号及每周或每月油的正常消耗量。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>5、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解机床的致冷系统<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>切削(水、气)冷却、主轴冷却、电箱冷却等<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>6、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解机床的主传动结构,每台机床转速与扭矩之间具体数据特性。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>7、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>了解机床导轨副特点:是线轨还是滑轨,刚性(承载能力)如何?<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>8、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>能排除常见操作故障(如:超极限、刀库刀号出错等)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>9、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>精通机床的各项精度(静态、动态)指标及检测方法。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>10、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>熟悉刀库机构及换刀原理。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>以上几条没有<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>年以上的时间锻炼,恐怕是很难达到要求的。而且很多企业还不具备学习的条件。建议多向设备维修部门的师傅请教。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>机床的维护保养细节我就不多讲了,各企业都有各自的经验和标准。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>机床维护保养重点在于“养”,平时应该注意(应做好长期记录):<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>每天开机注意机床各轴的启动载荷变化是否正常,这点很重要,启动载荷变化不正常,就意味着运动副或传动副的阻力变化了,得赶紧停机检查。否则,时间一长,对机床的损害极大)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>2、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>注意润滑油的正常消耗量。过多过少,都必须检查。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>3、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>勤清洗电箱空调滤网和通风口滤网。电箱内部电源模块、驱动模块的集成电路板一旦粘染含有铁粉的灰尘,那机床会出现莫名其妙的报警,修都修不好。就等换板子吧!<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>第六 培养良好的习惯,适应数控加工的特点。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>(这一条是我个人所见,是否合理,大家可以讨论。)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>适合数控加工的高手应该是谦逊、严谨,冷静,思维缜密,做事有条理而又有主见的人。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 37.55pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>一些大型零件的加工,不但加工内容多,还有空间三维坐标的转换。加工轨迹的计算非常复杂和难以确定,如果考虑问题不细致、全面,计算不精确,调试时程序修改越改越乱,出错的概率就大。“三思而后行”用在这里是最恰当不过的了。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 37.55pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>2、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>零件调试过程是多人合作的过程,其中包括操作工、检验员、夹具设计、夹具装配人员等。出现问题时,要多征询他们的意见,多做试验,切忌武断下定论。对出错的员工不要过多责备,要有“慈悲”的心态。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 37.55pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>3、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>数控机床的工作是靠指令来控制的,调试时,在“启动”按钮按下去之前,你必须十分是清楚机床运行的轨迹。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">要严谨</B>、<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">细致</B>,千万不能让机床先动了再说。一旦程序有误或补偿参数不正确,或选错了坐标系。轻则报废零件,重则出安全事故。脾气暴糙、做事无头绪,而且屡教不改者是不适应数控机床操作的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>我告诉大家一个事实:原来我们公司十多位用户调试切削工艺员,都是见多识广、经验老到之辈,可没有哪一个、哪一年不撞断过刀具的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 37.55pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>4、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>调试加工时出现问题,要冷静,千万不能慌张,再出现误操作。心理素质要好。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 37.55pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 37.55pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>5、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>零件调试多次不合格时,做分析要有条理,给出责任要有依据。某些相关部门出于各种原因,会给出各种解释,这时你要有主见,记住:做错一件事不要紧,却不能选错做事的方法。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">、任何一个工艺员,因受环境所限,技术能力总是有局限性的。加上技术发展的日新月异,永远有提高的空间。当工厂内部的技术都已消化后,眼光要放外,紧跟国内外先进的加工技术,学习、消化。在技术方面做好老板的参谋。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=3>以上是我心目中理想的数控编程高手,其实说到底,应该有高级工艺师、高级技师水平的编程员。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P> </P>
Re: 如何造就数控机床编程高手(全)
很难有这么多机会!re: 如何造就数控机床编程高手(全)
祝贺飞尘的大作完成!希望大家继续探讨数控人才成长问题。Re: re: 如何造就数控机床编程高手(全)
写的真的很好,但是能有机会做到这点的人肯定不多Re: 如何造就数控机床编程高手(全)
写得很好,对我们年轻人很有帮助呢。谢谢楼主分享。