ysjd2001 发表于 2006-10-10 11:02:13

CO2焊丝中所含合金元素对焊接性能的影响

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">CO<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气体保护焊镀铜焊丝是一种高效、节能、节材的焊接材料,焊锋成型美观,适用于低碳钢和低合金钢的焊接。执行标准为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><<SPAN lang=EN-US>GB/T8110-1995>,其型号为H08</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn<SUB>2</SUB>SiA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">H04</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn<SUB>2</SUB>SiTiA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">H04</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn<SUB>2</SUB>SiAlTiA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">CO<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊丝,其含碳量都较低,大多都在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">0.1%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下,同时含有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Si</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">S</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">P</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Cr</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">AI</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Ti</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mo</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">V</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等合金元素。这些合金元素对焊接性能有何影响,下面分别说明;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">硅(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Si</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">硅是焊丝中最常用的脱氧元素,它可以防止铁与氧化合,并可在熔池中还原</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">FeO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。但是单独用硅脱氧,生成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SiO<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">熔点高(约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1710</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃),且生成物的颗粒小,难以从熔池中浮出,易造成焊缝金属夹渣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">锰(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">锰的作用与硅相似,但脱氧能力比硅稍差一些。单独用锰脱氧,生成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MnO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">密度较大(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">11g</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">cm<SUP>3</SUP></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),也不易从溶池中浮出。在焊丝中含锰,除了脱氧作用外,还能和硫化合生成了硫化锰(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MnS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),并被除去(脱硫),故可降低由硫引起的热裂纹的倾向。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于单独用硅和锰脱氧,都难以除去脱氧的生成物。故目前多采用硅锰联合脱氧,使生成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SiO<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MnO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">复合成硅酸盐(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MnO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SiO<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MnO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SiO<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的熔点低(约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1270</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃)且密度小(约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">6g / cm<SUP>3</SUP></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),在熔池中能凝聚成大块熔渣而浮出,达到良好的脱氧效果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">锰也是钢材中的重要合金元素,也是重要的淬透性元素,它对焊缝金属的韧性有很大影响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量<</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">05</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%时焊缝金属的韧性很高;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%后又很脆;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Mn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> = 0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%时,焊缝金属有较高的强度和韧性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">硫(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">S</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">硫在钢中常以硫化铁的形式存在,并呈网状分布在晶粒边界,因而显著地降低钢的韧性。铁加硫化铁的共晶温度较低(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃),因此,在进行热加工时,由于加工开始温度一般为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1150</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1200</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃,而铁和硫化铁共晶已经熔化,从而导致加工时开裂,这种现象就是所谓“硫的热脆性”。硫的这种性质使钢在焊接时产生热裂纹。因此,一般在钢中对硫的含量都严格加以控制。普通碳素钢、优质碳素钢以及高级优质钢的主要区别就在于硫、磷含量的多少。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前面提到,锰有脱硫作用,这是因为锰可与硫形成高熔点(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1600</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃)的硫化锰(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">MnS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),它呈粒状分布于晶粒内。在热加工时,硫化锰有足够的塑性,因而消除了硫的有害作用。因此钢中保持一定的含锰量是有益的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磷(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">P</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=2>磷在钢中能全部溶于铁素体内。它对钢的强化作用仅次于碳,使钢的强度和硬度增加,磷能提高钢的抗腐蚀性能,而塑性和韧性则显著降低。特别在低温时影响更为严重,这称为磷的冷跪倾向。故它对焊接不利,增加钢的裂缝敏感性。作为杂质,磷在钢中的含量也要加以限制。<BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 铬(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cr</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铬能提高钢的强度和硬度而塑性和韧性降低不大。铬具有很强的耐蚀、耐酸的能力,所以奥氏体不锈钢中一般都含有较多的铬(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上)。铬还具有很强的抗氧化能力和耐热性。因此,铬在耐热钢中应用也很广,如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12CrMo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15CrMo 5CrMo </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等钢中都含有一定量的铬。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 16.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.8; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铬是奥氏体钢的重要组成元素和铁素体化的元素,它在合金钢中能提高在高温时的抗氧化能力和机械性能。在奥氏体不锈钢中,当铬镍的总量为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cr</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ni = 1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时,有热裂缝倾向;当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cr</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ni = 2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时,就没有热裂缝倾向。所以一般</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型钢中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cr</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ni = 2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右时,铬在合金钢中就容易产生碳化物,使合金钢导热变差,容易产生氧化铬,使焊接造成困难。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">AI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铝是强烈的脱氧元素之一,故用铝作脱氧剂,不仅可少产生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FeO</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,且易于使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FeO</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还原,有效地抑制在熔池中产生的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CO</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气体的化学反应,提高抗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CO</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气孔的能力。另外,铝还能和氮化合而起固氮作用,故也能减少氮气孔。但是用铝脱氧,生成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">AI<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">熔点很高(约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2050</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃),以固态存在熔池中,容易引起焊缝夹渣。同时,含铝的焊丝容易引起飞溅,铝的含量过高还会降低焊缝金属抗热裂能力,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因而焊丝中含铝量必须严格控制,不宜过多。若在焊丝中含铝量控制适当,则在焊缝金属的硬度、屈服点、抗拉强度均稍有提高。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钛(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ti</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钛也是一种强烈的脱氧元素,且也能和氮化合成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TiN</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而起固氮作用,提高焊缝金属抗氮气孔的能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">若</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ti</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(硼)在焊缝组织中含量适当,可以使焊缝组织得到细化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钼(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钼在合金钢中能提高钢的强度、硬度,细化晶粒,防止回火脆性和过热倾向,提高高温强度、蠕变强度及持久强度、含钼小于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%时,可以提高塑性,减少产生裂纹的倾向,提高冲击韧性。钼有促进石墨化的倾向。故一般含钼的耐热钢如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16Mo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12CrMo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15CrMo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等含钼量约在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%左右。钼在合金钢中的含量在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%时,钼会使合金钢的塑性和韧性下降,增加合金钢的淬火倾向。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钒(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)元素对焊接性有何影响?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钒可提高钢的强度,细化晶粒,降低晶粒长大倾向,提高淬硬性。钒是较强烈的碳化物形成元素,所形成的碳化物在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">650</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃以下都是稳定的。有时效硬化作用。钒的碳化物具有高温稳定性,因而能提高钢的高温硬度。钒能够改变碳化物在钢中的分布状况,但是钒容易生成难熔的氧化物,增加了气焊和气割的困难。一般焊缝中含钒量在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">%左右时,可以起到固氮作用,变不利为有利。</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>

cheneywong 发表于 2006-10-17 18:24:09

Re: CO2焊丝中所含合金元素对焊接性能的影响

谢谢

漂流瓶 发表于 2007-11-3 23:04:27

怎么就缺少了镍的作用了呢。
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